How to manage temporary works in construction - Book - Page 135
Terms and definitions
Elastic limit
The maximum stress a material can withstand before being permanently deformed.
ERIC
An acronym used to identify a hierarchy for control measures for the design process to eliminate or
mitigate risks (eliminate, reduce, inform, control, or eliminate, reduce, reduce, isolate, control).
Eurocodes
A set of harmonized technical rules developed by the European Committee for Standardization for the
structural design of
construction works in the European Union.
Execution risk
Risks associated with the construction, use and removal of the temporary works relate to such aspects
as workmanship, materials, experience, and manner of use.
Factor of safety
The ratio of failure load to the maximum working load.
Falsework
A temporary structure used to support a permanent structure under construction until such time as the
permanent structure is self- supporting.
Fill
Material used to raise the level of an area, e.g., ash, rubble.
Force
An external agent with magnitude and direction capable of changing the state of rest or motion of a
body.
Formation
The surface of the ground in its final shape, before concreting, but after earthworks.
Formwork
The mould into which concrete is poured to form a required shape of given dimensions. May be
temporary or partly/wholly permanent.
Foundation
A construction for transmitting forces to the supporting ground.
Granular soil
Soil that predominantly has relatively large angular grains, such as sands and gravels, whose strength
is determined by the matrix being held together under its own weight (or applied load).
Ground
The soil, rock, and fill existing in place before the execution of construction works.
Ground anchor
Temporary or permanent device installed at ground level which, when loaded, exerts pressure on a
cone of the ground that surrounds its length, providing good resistance to movement. Permanent
ground anchors can be up to 70m in length, with a capacity of more than 3,000 kN.
Ground bearing
pressure
The ultimate (unfactored) capacity the ground can withstand against a load without exceeding the
maximum allowable settlement.
Groundwater
Water contained within, or flowing through, the pores and fabric of soil and fissures in rock.
Groundwater is water that has infiltrated the ground surface and penetrated to the underlying strata
and in particular, the water that is contained in the soil or rocks below the water table.
Guidance
Information and instruction on how to apply the requirements within standards or procedures. Guidance
is consensual information that originates from any one of several different professional organizations
and provides technical information about safe practices and procedures.
Hold point
A stage in the temporary works process where no further progress is to be made until the necessary
permit or action has been completed.
Hydrostatic pressure
The pressure exerted by water due to the force of gravity, proportional to its depth.
Implementation plan
A document (or set of documents) that covers the erection/assembly, use, unloading and dismantling
of the temporary works, including which inspections, checks, hold points, permits and certifications are
required. This may consist of the method statement, task- specific risk assessment, inspection and test
plan, checklists, and other certification.
Implementation risk
class
Implementation risk is formed from a combination of execution risk and consequence of failure risk. It
may be set out as very low, low, medium or high.
Inspection
An examination by a competent person to make sure that the (temporary) works meets a specified
standard, and to identify any risks that are present and decide on the measures required to control
those risks.
Inspection and test
plan
The documented planning of inspections, tests, checks, and surveys to ensure the correct
implementation of a process, including temporary works installations.
Kentledge
Material placed on a structure to provide stability by the action of its dead weight.
Lacing
A component placed horizontally to strengthen a framework, providing lateral stability.
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